Quick answer
The adenoids are lymph tissue at the back of the nose and can grow, especially between ages 2 and 7. When enlarged they make nasal breathing hard; the child sleeps with an open mouth, snores and may have frequent ear infections. If the signs are clear and lasting, the child should be examined by an ENT specialist.
Signs to look out for
- Sleeping with an open mouth and mouth breathing during the day
- Snoring, pauses in breathing during sleep or waking up gasping
- Restless sleep, night sweats, bedwetting
- Daytime tiredness and poor concentration
- Constant runny nose and a nasal voice
- Frequent ear infections or reduced hearing
Why it matters
Breathing through the mouth for a long time disturbs sleep and can affect a child’s energy and attention during the day. Adenoids can block the Eustachian tube, leading to fluid in the middle ear and hearing loss. In the long term they are also known to affect tooth alignment and facial development.
How is it diagnosed?
The nose and throat are examined. The adenoids are seen with a thin endoscope through the nose or, if needed, a side neck X-ray. If ear fluid is suspected, hearing and ear pressure tests are done.
Treatment options
For mild enlargement, and when allergy is involved, nasal sprays can be tried for a while; in most children the adenoids shrink with age. If there are pauses in breathing during sleep, persistent ear fluid or clear breathing problems, adenoid removal (adenoidectomy) is recommended. It is done through the mouth, takes about 20–30 minutes and most children go home the same day.
Frequently asked questions
Do adenoids shrink on their own?
Yes, adenoids usually start to shrink after age 7–8. But waiting is not advised if there are clear breathing or ear problems in the meantime.
Does every child who snores have enlarged adenoids?
No. A blocked nose, allergy and large tonsils can also cause snoring. The exact cause is found at the examination.
At what age can adenoids be removed?
With clear symptoms it can be done at a young age. Age alone does not decide; the decision depends on how much the problem affects the child.
When can my child go back to school?
If only the adenoids were removed, most children return within a few days. If the tonsils were removed too, this can extend to 10–14 days.
The content on this site is for general information only. Diagnosis and treatment differ from person to person; please see a doctor about your symptoms.